Innovation of the Kalimatul Af’alul Yaumiyyah Book: Collaborative Learning Based Development

Abstract

This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the Kalimatul Af‘ālul Yaumiyyah book based on Collaborative Learning in improving the Arabic speaking skill (mahārah kalām) of eleventh-grade students at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Palembang. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method. The subjects of this study consisted of 36 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires, pre-test and post-test, as well as expert validation involving one material expert and one media expert. The product was designed using Canva and developed according to students’ learning needs. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, and N-Gain Score, while qualitative data were analyzed through data reduction techniques. The results showed that the developed teaching material was categorized as highly feasible. Material expert validation reached 94%, while media expert validation reached 86.67%, both categorized as “very good.” The average pre-test score of students increased from 47.22 to 73.17 in the post-test. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test indicated that the data were not normally distributed (Sig. < 0.05); therefore, hypothesis testing was conducted using the non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The test result showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores. In addition, the N-Gain Score showed that the product was moderately effective in improving students’ learning outcomes.